This session will explore how optimization (the effort to achieve maximal efficiency) in the healthcare environment can result in an escalation in the negative consequences of undesirable events, disasters, unplanned and/or unexpected events and incidents. The primary point of concern is that as we increase efficiency we decrease the capacity of systems, organizations, and individuals to tolerate variation. Without careful and intentional preparation an inhibited ability to tolerate variation can lead to the exponential expansion of negative outcomes when encountered. An additional potential consequence is that the potential for positive outcomes to go unrecognized and/or unrealized may also increase.