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Track 1: Effects of Climate Change in Warm Weather Coastal Regions
Track 2: Sustainability and Conservation of Built Heritage in the Americas
Track 3: Conservation of modern and post-modern heritage
Track 4: Diversity, Population Change, and Gentrification in the Preservation Dialogue
Session Chair: Rita Teutonico – Florida International University
Track 1: Effects of Climate Change in Warm Weather Coastal Regions
Session Chair: Michelle Sandoval – Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc.
Track 2: Sustainability and Conservation of Built Heritage in the Americas
Session Chair: Frank Sanchis
Track 4: Diversity, Population Change, and Gentrification in the Preservation Dialogue
Session Chair: Rosa Lowinger – RLA Conservation Inc.
Track 3: Conservation of modern and post-modern heritage
Session Chair: Annabelle Claire. Radcliffe-Trenner, AIA, RIBA, LEED AP – Historic Building Architects LLC
Track 2: Sustainability and Conservation of Built Heritage in the Americas
Session Chair: Pamela Jerome, FAIA, LEED AP, FAPT, FUS/ICOMOS – Architectural Preservation Studio, DPC
Track 3: Conservation of modern and post-modern heritage
Session Chair: Ethan J. Boote
Track 4: Diversity, Population Change, and Gentrification in the Preservation Dialogue
Session Chair: Carl Elefante
Track 1: Effects of Climate Change in Warm Weather Coastal Regions
Session Chair: Gustavo F. Araoz – ICOMOS
Presenter: Melyvn Green – Melvyn Green & Associates, Inc.
Presenter: Lauren Hall – US State Department
Presenter: Michael Schuller, P.E. FTMS FAPT – Atkinson-Noland & Associates, Inc.
Track 5: PL5 - COF Roundtable and Discussion - Post-Disaster Mitigation Strategies for Cultural Heritage Sites
Session Chair: Sonia Chao – School of Architecture/University of Miami
Track 1: Effects of Climate Change in Warm Weather Coastal Regions
Session Chair: Jeanne Marie Teutonico
Earthen mortars are commonly amended to display ‘improved’ performance and weathering properties than unamended soil mortars. In an effort to make more lasting repairs, the National Park Service has used amended earthen mortars on their historic structures since the 19th century. These interventions have displayed various levels of compatibility with original masonry material. One such amendment, the acrylic emulsion Rhoplex E-330, has been used in setting and pointing mortars for the conservation of ruin sites at multiple National Parks since the 1970s.
This paper focus on conservation repair mortars, specifically the durability and performance of amended earthen mortars at the Wupatki Pueblo. Located in north-central Arizona, near Flagstaff, Wupatki National Monument consist of multiple sites with the Wupatki Pueblo dating to ca. 1100 AD. Built upon a natural outcropping, the pueblo is constructed of coursed rubble stone, predominately of the local Moenkopi sandstone, all laid in an earthen mortar. Since 1924, the monument has been administered by the National Park Service with restoration and stabilization work continuing to today.
This research examines conservation soil-based mortars at archaeological sites with Wupatki Pueblo serving as the case study. Research includes analyzing and characterizing the composition of past and current stabilization mortars used on site, assessing their overall compatibility with the masonry, and creating test formulations to provide recommendations for future use. Test formulations evaluate the effects of acrylic polymers on Wupatki’s current soil supply with only the ratio of Rhoplex E-330 to water altered in each formulation. Physical and mechanical tests performed on these mortar formulations provide insight into how these mortars perform in the field. Ultimately, these efforts are intended to provide the NPS with an optimal amended stabilization mortar formulation that is compatible with the Wupatki Pueblo’s original masonry system. As climate change alters the known response of current preservation methods, it will be necessary to establish quantitative standards of performance for the materials and methods currently in use to anticipate how they will respond in this changing environment.
Track 2: Sustainability and Conservation of Built Heritage in the Americas
Session Chair: Carmen Guerrero
Track 3: Conservation of modern and post-modern heritage
Session Chair: Leila Hamroun-Yazid, AIA, NCARB, LEED AP – Tetra Tech
Track 4: Diversity, Population Change, and Gentrification in the Preservation Dialogue
Session Chair: Nancy Rankin, AIA/Leed AP – John G. Waite Associates, Architects
Track 1: Effects of Climate Change in Warm Weather Coastal Regions
Session Chair: Olsen Jean Julien – Quisqueya University Center
Track 2: Sustainability and Conservation of Built Heritage in the Americas
Session Chair: David Fixler, FAIA FAPT LEED – Graduate School of Design, Harvard University
Track 3: Conservation of modern and post-modern heritage
Session Chair: Angel Ayón, AIA, LEED AP – AYON Studio Architecture • Preservation, P.C.
Track 4: Diversity, Population Change, and Gentrification in the Preservation Dialogue
Session Chair: Matthew K. Haberling, RA – Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc.
Track 1: Effects of Climate Change in Warm Weather Coastal Regions
Session Chair: Kyle Normandin, FAPT, PAIC – Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc.
Track 2: Sustainability and Conservation of Built Heritage in the Americas
Session Chair: Helen M. Thomas-Haney – Jablonski Building Conservation, Inc.
Track 3: Conservation of modern and post-modern heritage
Session Chair: Natalie Feinberg-Lopez
Track 4: Diversity, Population Change, and Gentrification in the Preservation Dialogue